Cardiovascular Risk and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: A Detailed Review View PDF

Parchuri Sri Sai Harshini
Medicine, Kyrgyz State Medical Academyx, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

Published on: 2024-10-11

Abstract

An autoimmune disease (AD) affects multiple organs or systems and significantly impacts quality of life. Genes and epigenetics, gender disparity, environmental triggers, pathophysiological abnormalities, and subphenotypes are all factors contributing to these conditions. In the past, it was believed that atherosclerosis (AT) was an inevitable consequence of aging. Researchers have found that AT is neither degenerative nor irreversible. It is an autoimmune-inflammatory disease that leads to smooth muscle cell proliferation, narrowing of arteries, and atheroma formation due to infectious and inflammatory factors. The humoral and cellular immune systems are thought to contribute to the onset and progression of AT. There are a number of classic risk factors that have been identified. In patients with ADs, it is interesting to note that these factors do not fully explain excessive cardiovascular (CV) events. The risk factors for premature vascular damage are numerous. In this review, we discuss traditional and nontraditional risk factors for CV disease (CVD) in AD.

Keywords

Cardiovascular Risk, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Introduction

Multiple organ systems or specific organs can be affected by chronic ADs. A significant quality of life issue is often associated with ADs. Several factors contribute to autoimmune tautology, including genetic and epigenetic factors, gender disparities, environmental triggers, pathophysiological abnormalities, and certain subphenotypes. AT is a degenerative disease associated with aging. As a result of research conducted during the last three decades, AT is neither a degenerative disease nor an irreversible condition. This autoimmune-inflammatory condition is influenced by inflammatory and infectious factors. As a result of altered lipoprotein metabolism, the immune system is activated and smooth muscle cells are proliferating, arteries become narrow, and atheroma develops. Atheromatous lesions can be influenced by humoral and cellular immune mechanisms [1].

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