Overview of Association Between Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine View PDF

Cardio-oncology (Figure 1) is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field that addresses the cardiovascular complications of cancer and its treatments [2]. The growing success in cancer therapies has led to improved survival rates, making long-term cardiovascular health a crucial component of comprehensive cancer care [3]. This field bridges oncology and cardiology, focusing on the prevention, early detection, and management of cardiotoxicities associated with cancer therapies [4].

Cancer therapies, including chemotherapy (Figure 2), radiation, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, can adversely affect cardiovascular health [6]. Common complications include heart failure, arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and thromboembolic events [6]. Drugs such as anthracyclines and HER2 inhibitors are well-documented for their potential to induce cardiomyopathy, necessitating close monitoring of cardiac function during and after treatment [7]. Radiation therapy, particularly when involving the thoracic region, increases the risk of pericardial diseases and coronary artery disease [8].

The integration of cardiology into oncology care begins with risk stratification [9]. Patients are assessed based on their baseline cardiovascular risk, cancer treatment regimen, and preexisting conditions [10]. Biomarkers such as troponins and natriuretic peptides, alongside imaging modalities like echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), play pivotal roles in detecting early signs of cardiac dysfunction [11]. This proactive approach allows for timely interventions, reducing morbidity and improving quality of life for cancer survivors.

Prevention and management strategies in cardio-oncology involve a combination of lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and close surveillance [12]. Medications such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating cardiotoxic effects [13]. Furthermore, advanced imaging techniques and wearable technologies provide real-time monitoring, facilitating early intervention in high-risk patients [14]. These strategies are tailored to individual patient needs, balancing cancer treatment efficacy with cardiovascular safety [15].

Research in cardio-oncology is uncovering novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicities [16]. Studies are exploring genetic predispositions, inflammatory pathways, and oxidative stress as contributors to cardiovascular damage [17]. This has led to the development of precision medicine approaches, such as personalized risk assessments and targeted therapies that minimize cardiac impact [18]. Collaborative efforts between cardiologists, oncologists, and researchers are essential for advancing this field.

Cardio-oncology underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in modern medicine. By integrating expertise from cardiology and oncology, this field not only aims to improve clinical outcomes but also enhances survivorship care. As cancer survivorship continues to grow, cardio-oncology is poised to play an increasingly vital role in ensuring the holistic health of patients. This dynamic field exemplifies the synergy of innovation and patient-centered care in addressing complex health challenges [19].