Organic and Inorganic Nanomaterials: A Mini Review View PDF

^*Neelima Dandamudi
Department Of Pharmaceutical Analysis And Quality Assurance, Annamacharya College Of Pharmacy, JNT University, Anantapur, India

^*Corresponding Author:

Neelima Dandamudi
Department Of Pharmaceutical Analysis And Quality Assurance, Annamacharya College Of Pharmacy, JNT University, Anantapur, India
Email:neelimadandamudi@gmail.com

Published on: 2021-12-30

Abstract

Nanomaterials have a wide range of applications in various fields due to their unique properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, stability, inertness, ease of functionalization, and novel optical, electrical, and magnetic behaviour. Common types include nanotubes, dendrimers, quantum dots, and fullerenes. This review focused on the science and applications of inorganic and organic nanomaterials, emphasising their synthesis, processing, characterization, and applications in various fields, with the goal of providing useful insights to aid future development of efficient and commercially viable technology for large-scale production. Nanomaterials were also discussed for imaging, cell and gene delivery, biosensors, cancer treatment, therapy, and other uses.

Keywords

Nanomaterials, Carbon Nanotubes, Quantum Dots, Magnetic Nanoparticles, Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

Introduction

Nanoparticles, both organic and inorganic, are materials having two or more dimensions and a size between one and one hundred nanometers. Nanoparticles have distinct physical and chemical features that are size dependant, such as optical, magnetic, catalytic, thermodynamic, and electrochemical capabilities. Nanoparticles’ unique properties are also influenced by their chemical composition and shape. Organic polymers (organic nanoparticles) and/or inorganic elements are used to make nanoparticles (inorganic nanoparticles). Organic nanoparticles include liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanomaterials, and polymeric mielies.

Liposomes are phospholipid vesicles (50-100 nm) with an interior aqueous phase and a bilayer membrane structure comparable to biological membranes. Liposomes are classed as multi-, oligo-, or uni-lamellar based on their size and number of layers. Liposomes’ amphiphilic nature allows them to carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic medicines that are entrapped within their aqueous interior. Liposomes have high circulation, penetration, and diffusion properties due to their physicochemical properties. Furthermore, ligands and/or polymers can be added to the liposome surface to improve drug delivery selectivity. Dendrimers are highly branched synthetic polymers (less than 15 nm) having layered topologies that include a central core, an internal area, and multiple terminal groups that govern dendrimer properties.

A dendrimer can be made utilising a variety of chemical techniques, the nature of which determines the solubility and biological activity of the dendrimer. Dendrimers are employed as tissue-repair scaffolds because they have intrinsic drug characteristics. Furthermore, due to chemical alteration of their numerous terminal groups, dendrimers are effective medication and imaging diagnosis-agent carriers.