The Intersection of Neurology and Psychiatry: Insights into Neuropsychiatry in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others, are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and their functions, leading to significant cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments. These conditions often present with overlapping neurological and psychiatric symptoms, such as memory loss, motor dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and psychosis, which complicate timely diagnosis and management. The interplay of these symptoms not only impacts the quality of life (QoL) for patients but also places an immense burden on caregivers. Despite advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders, treatment options remain limited, particularly for psychiatric manifestations, which often go underdiagnosed and undertreated. Addressing these challenges requires a multidisciplinary approach that considers the complex relationship between neurological and psychiatric aspects. Recent advancements in diagnostic tools, therapeutic strategies, and holistic care models provide a foundation for hope. Innovations such as precision medicine, biomarker development, and neuropsychiatric therapies aim to improve early diagnosis and tailored treatment approaches. Non-pharmacological interventions, caregiver support systems, and the integration of technology, including telemedicine and artificial intelligence, further enhance care delivery and accessibility. However, addressing the stigma surrounding psychiatric symptoms and increasing public awareness remain critical to improving outcomes. With continued research, advocacy, and collaboration across disciplines, the future holds promise for mitigating the burden of neurodegenerative disorders and improving the QoL for both patients and caregivers.