Nutrition and Long-Term Cardiovascular Health View PDF

*Ariel Pablo Lopez
Department Of Genetics, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidad De Buenos Aires, Argentina

*Corresponding Author:
Ariel Pablo Lopez
Department Of Genetics, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidad De Buenos Aires, Argentina
Email:aplopez@prensamedica.com.ar

Published on: 2020-05-28

Abstract

Heart Disease is the common objective mortality in Western countries, responsible for about 30 percent of all losses around the globe. Proof demonstrates how effective safe dietary habits and behaviors are in preventing CVD. Besides, the growing prevalence of CVD over the last 30 years has become a concern for public health, in particular the prevention of CVD (or cardiovascular events) by lifestyle interventions. Modern experimental research indicates that Western dietary habits matched to healthy dietary models, such as the Mediterranean diet, result in increased proinflammatory cytokine production associated with decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine synthesis.

Keywords

Nutrition; Cardiovascular Health; Heart Disease

Introduction

Heart disease is the common objective mortality in Western countries, responsible for about 30 percent of all losses around the globe. Proof demonstrates how effective safe dietary habits and behaviors are in preventing CVD. Besides, the growing prevalence of CVD over the last 30 years has become a concern for public health, in particular the prevention of CVD (or cardiovascular events) by lifestyle interventions. Modern experimental research indicates that Western dietary habits matched to healthy dietary models, such as the Mediterranean diet, result in increased proinflammatory cytokine production associated with decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. The dietary intervention lets different diets and commodities be good combined. Hence a balanced dietary pattern has a greater degree of beneficial effects than the possible effects of a single intake of nutrients. This analysis aims to define possible objectives for limiting CVD and measure the extent of the useful outcomes recognized. In comparison, we are investigating the potential mechanisms involved in this cardio protective consequence. The world's biggest killer in Western nations is heart disease, contributing to 17.3 million of all annual deaths in the globe for nearly 31.5 percent of all global deaths, although slowly reducing over the past decade [1,2]. CVD causes 1/3 fatalities in the U.S. and 1/4 deaths in the European Region [3]. It is estimated that 45 percent of the US community will have the therapeutic manifestation of CVD in the coming 15 years. CVD defines a number of heart and blood vessel complications, such as stroke, atherosclerosis, hypertension, vein disease, and peripheral artery disease [4]. The risk of increasing CVD is correlated with harmful eating habits, along with a short of physical activity, fatty, obesity, pressure, liquor drinking, or smoking [5-7]. CVD also correlates with numerous several morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity or dyslipidemia, representing the globes most prominent fatality danger circumstances [8]. In addition, the growing prevalence of CVD over 3 decades possesses a concern for people, in particular, the restriction of CVD by lifestyle intrusions. An extensive collection of experimental confirmation has summarized that nutrition is a common defensive representative against CVD mortality [9], and sometimes leads to reverse heart disease. The nutrition appears to perform a crucial part in managing other risk circumstances, those are high fat, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and high bp. An inflammatory disease which leads to significant CVD occurrence and death. Oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are nutritionally changeable, with insufficient energy consumption and lack of exercise as sources to the release to pro-inflammatory cytokines [10-12]. Inflammatory mechanisms include the arterial wall sub-endothelial region, increasing lipids, and lipid-laden macrophages, between different sorts of cells [13,14]. Existing clinical proof suggests that chronic inflammation performs a pivotal function in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, involving atheroma plaque and rupture admission and development, and post-angioplasty, and restenosis [15]. The principal facilitators of CAD production are, among others, C-reactive protein, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and (TNF)-α. Also, certain negotiators are recognized potential biomarkers of inflammation, and their representation can associate among the severity of CAD [16,17]. Some existing confirmation shows Western dietary models correlated to healthy dietary patterns, those are the Mediterranean diet, resulting in increased development of proinflammatory cytokines incorporated with a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokine production [18,19]. The eating of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes is also linked to lower sensitivity, while the consumption of red meat was associated with a greater inflammatory level. Accordingly, improved adherence to healthy dietary habits, distinguished by more eating of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and whole grains, will reduce low-grade pain and prevent CVD. However, the microbiota has been related to the intestinal health, immune system, and nutrient bio activation and metabolism, those are B, K vitamins and bioactive composites. The latest scientific trails indicate a link among high plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), formed through intestinal metabolism of dietary products like betaine, choline, L-carnitine, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and increased diabetes risk. Hence, those are established that diet influences the composition and behavior of gut microbiota, and the production of CVD can include conditions of gut microbiota dysbiosis. The goal of the study is to define possible CVD prevention goals, measure the severity of the positive effects reported, and evaluate the processes involved in those cardioprotective results. Also, experiments were restricted to people without any time deadline.

References

  1. Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, et al. (2017) Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circ 135:e146-e603.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485
  2. Getz GS, Reardon CA (2007) Nutrition and cardiovascular disease. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombo Vasc Biol 27:2499-2506.https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.155853
  3. Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Bittencourt MS (2019) Heart disease and stroke statistics-2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circ 139:e56-e28.
  4. Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, et al. (2018) Heart disease and stroke statistics—2018 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circ 137:e67-e492.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558
  5. Prasad DS (2009) Physical inactivity: a cardiovascular risk factor. Indian J Med Sci 63: 33-42.https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5359.49082
  6. Sikand G, Kris-Etherton P, Boulos NM(2015) Impact of functional foods on prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Curr Cardiol Rep 17:39.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-015-0593-9
  7. Anand SS, Hawkes C, De Souza RJ, Mente A, Dehghan M, et al. (2015) Food consumption and its impact on cardiovascular disease: importance of solutions focused on the globalized food system: a report from the workshop convened by the World Heart Federation. J Am Coll Cardiol 66:1590-1614.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.050
  8. Lacroix S, Cantin J, Nigam A (2017) Contemporary issues regarding nutrition in cardiovascular rehabilitation. Ann Phy Rehabil Med 60:36-42.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2016.07.262
  9. Lloyd-Williams F, Mwatsama M, Ireland R, Capewell S (2009) Small changes in snacking behaviour: the potential impact on CVD mortality. Pub Health Nutr 12:871-876.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008003054
  10. McGill Jr HC, McMahan CA, Gidding SS (2008) Preventing heart disease in the 21st century: implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study. Circulation 117:1216-1227.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.717033
  11. Libby P (2017) Interleukin-1 beta as a target for atherosclerosis therapy: biological basis of CANTOS and beyond. J Am Coll Cardiol 70:2278-2289.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.028
  12. Galkina E, Ley K (2009) Immune and inflammatory mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Ann Rev Immunol 27:165-197.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132620
  13. Hansson GK (2005) ATVB in focus: immunity and atherosclerosis. Arterioscle Thrombo Vasc Biol 25: 17.https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000153139.83149.a2
  14. Libby P (2006) Atherosclerosis: disease biology affecting the coronary vasculature. Am J Cardiol 98:S3-S9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.09.020
  15. Nikol S, Huehns TY, Höfling B (1996) Molecular biology and post-angioplasty restenosis. Atherosclerosis 123:17-31.https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(96)05807-8
  16. Ozawa M, Shipley M, Kivimaki M, Singh-Manoux A, Brunner EJ (2017) Dietary pattern, inflammation and cognitive decline: The Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 36:506-512.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.01.013
  17. Atkins JL, Whincup PH, Morris RW, Lennon LT, PapacostaO, et al. (2016) Dietary patterns and the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in older British men. Brit J Nutr 116:1246-1255.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516003147
  18. Williams CM, Lovegrove JA, Griffin BA (2013) Dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease. Proceed Nutr Soc72:407-411.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665113002048
  19. Hoffmann K, Schulze MB, Schienkiewitz A, Nöthlings U, Boeing H (2004) Application of a new statistical method to derive dietary patterns in nutritional epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 159:935-944.https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh134
scroll up