The Critical Role of Gut Microbiota and its Association with Obesity and Related Diseases

Abstract

Heredity and the environment contribute to obesity, a major global health problem. Recent studies have demonstrated a connection between obesity and gut microbiota. The treatment of obesity through gut microbiota management is becoming more popular. There is, however, a lack of understanding of the complex interactions between genetics, the environment, and the gut microbiota that contribute to obesity. The study focused on both the relationship between obesity and fecal microorganisms and their metabolites, as well as factors that could stimulate growth and remodeling of microbiota. Several criteria were used to categorize and evaluate the articles, and conclusions were drawn based on those criteria. Studies and articles examined acknowledge that intestinal microbiota may play a significant role in human homeostasis. Metabolically ill patients and people who are obese have altered gut microbiotas. We also tried to provide support for understanding the complex relationship between obesity and microbiota by describing the characteristics of the gut microbiota in obesity, the mechanisms by which obesity is caused by the gut microbiota, and the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the gut microbiota and obesity. There is a possibility that an imbalanced microbiome composition, such as changes in the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and the presence of Lactobacillus species, may lead to obesity and comorbidities. Despite this, there are also studies that contradict it. To improve our understanding of how microbiota, its metabolites, and probiotics influence obesity, further well-designed studies are needed.