The Pattern of Thyroid Function Test in Thyroid Carcinoma

Abstract

Background: In the United States, thyroid cancer is estimated to be the 13th most commonly diagnosed cancer, accounting for nearly 44,000 new cancer diagnoses in 2022 (2.3% of the total), and the 6th most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. In Iraq, thyroid cancer showed a significantly elevated trend from 2007 to 2016, from 0.62 to 2.96/100 000. The male to female ratio was 2.5:1.

Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out in Al-Sadr teaching hospital, Al-Basrah. A total of (50) patients were recruited over a 12-month period, from the first of October 2022 through October 2023. A special data form was designed for the purpose of the study, was used and included selected patients’ socio-demographic variables (such as age, gender, and address), any previous signs and symptoms such as tachycardia, tremors, weight changes, voice changes, presence of goiter, exophthalmos, respiratory difficulty, and other symptoms, and preoperative fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was done.

Results: Most prior investigations have demonstrated a favorable correlation between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), the primary regulator of thyroid hormone, and the development of differentiated thyroid neoplasms mediated by TSH receptors. Our study showed thyroid function status among the studied patients. Overall, of the total 50 patients included in this study, 35 patients (70%) were euthyroid, while 8 patients (16%) had hypothyroidism, and the remaining 7 patients (14%) had hyperthyroidism.

Conclusion: Our study showed that the majority of the enrolled patients with thyroid cancer had normal thyroid function status, followed by hypothyroidism, while the minority had hyperthyroidism.