Clinical Oncology: Focus on Fundamentals, Diagnostic Approaches, Emerging Technologies, and Palliative Care View PDF

^*Vallepu Rachana
Medicine, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, Telangana, India
Jessiya Sathick
Medicine, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Vittala Rohila
Medicine, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, Telangana, India
Poka Guru Charan
Medicine, Sapthagari Institute Of Medical Science And Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

^*Corresponding Author:

Vallepu Rachana
Medicine, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, Telangana, India

Published on: 2025-01-15

Abstract

Clinical oncology focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer, integrating advancements in molecular biology, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine to enhance patient outcomes. The field has seen transformative progress, with therapies increasingly tailored to the genetic and molecular profiles of individual tumors, improving efficacy and minimizing side effects. Innovations in early detection, personalized treatment plans, and multidisciplinary care have significantly impacted survival rates across various cancer types. Despite these advancements, challenges such as treatment resistance, late-stage diagnosis, and access to care persist, requiring ongoing research and global collaboration to address disparities and optimize treatment strategies for diverse patient populations.

Keywords

Diagnostic approaches, Modalities, Clinical research, Imaging techniques, New technologies, Quality of life, Ethical considerations

Introduction

Clinical oncology is an interdisciplinary field encompassing the study and treatment of cancer through medical, radiation, and surgical oncology [1]. Advances in this domain have significantly improved cancer detection, diagnosis, and management. Emerging areas include the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), genetic profiling, and precision medicine in oncology [2, 3]. This comprehensive overview outlines current trends, including the role of imaging, palliative care, and guidelines in clinical practice, alongside technological innovations.

Over the years, several noted publications have implored insights into clinical oncology. Strauss and Conti [4] focuses on the value of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in diagnosing and managing various cancers. It reviews the applications of PET in clinical settings and its implications for improving outcomes. Hensley et al. [5] presents evidence-based guidelines for the application of chemotherapy and radiotherapy protectants, enhancing safety and efficacy in cancer treatment. Folkman [6] discusses the role of angiogenesis in tumor progression and its potential as a therapeutic target in oncology. Ramaswamy and Golub [7] explores how gene expression profiling using DNA microarrays advances cancer classification and treatment strategies. Crowley and Ankerst [8] a resource on statistical approaches tailored to oncology clinical trials and translational research. Santamaria et al. [9] examines the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in metastasis and its implications for future cancer therapies. Hesketh et al. [10] provides updated recommendations on the use of antiemetics in oncology to mitigate chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Ferrell et al. [11] aims to optimize patient-centered care by incorporating palliative approaches, enhancing quality of life (QoL) and outcomes for oncology patients. Kann et al. [12] reviews the application of AI in oncology, from diagnosis to treatment planning, highlighting challenges and future directions.