Understanding Cardiovascular Care in Asian Women: Insights into Epidemiology, Impact of Uric Acid, and AI-Driven Solutions View PDF

^*B Harshith
Medicine, SVS Medical College, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India
Varsha B
Medicine, Vydehi Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Deepshikha Karthikeyan
Medicine, Pondicherry Institute Of Medical Sciences And Research, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
K Sai Sisira Maruthi
Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College And Research Institute, Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry, India

^*Corresponding Author:

B Harshith
Medicine, SVS Medical College, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India

Published on: 2025-03-31

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant yet underrecognized health concern among Asian women, influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, cultural, and socioeconomic factors. Despite being the leading cause of mortality in this population, research on sex-specific risk factors, healthcare disparities, and treatment outcomes remains limited. This review aims to address these gaps by examining regional variations in CVD prevalence, unique risk factors such as metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and elevated serum uric acid levels, as well as disparities in healthcare access that contribute to poorer outcomes in Asian women. Elevated serum uric acid has been associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF), all-cause mortality, and cardiac-related death, yet findings indicate that uric acid-lowering treatments may not improve prognosis and could even increase mortality in HF patients. Additionally, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing early detection, risk prediction, and personalized treatment is explored, highlighting the need for innovative, culturally tailored approaches to cardiovascular care. By integrating insights from epidemiological data, clinical research, and emerging AI-driven solutions, this review underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve cardiovascular outcomes for Asian women. Key findings include the disproportionate burden of CVD among different Asian subgroups, the underrepresentation of women in cardiology research and clinical trials, and the potential of AI tools-such as machine learning (ML) -based risk assessment models and wearable health devices-to bridge existing gaps in diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, the complex role of serum uric acid in cardiovascular health suggests the need for further investigation into its clinical significance and management. Addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach that combines public health initiatives, policy reforms, and technological advancements to ensure equitable and effective cardiovascular care for Asian women.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence, Asian women, Cardiovascular disease, Healthcare disparities, Personalized medicine, Predictive analytics, Risk factors, Serum uric acid

Introduction

CVD remains a leading cause of mortality among women globally, with a particularly alarming trend observed in Asian populations. The World Health Organization estimates that CVD accounts for approximately 30% of all deaths worldwide, with projections indicating that this figure could rise to 23.4 million deaths by 2030, comprising 35% of all deaths globally [1].

Cardiology in Asian women is an important area of study due to the impact of racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in cardiology [2]. Research has shown that CVD is the leading cause of death for Asian women in the United States [3]. Studies have also highlighted the prognostic value of lower bone mineral density (BMD) in predicting adverse CVD in Asian women [4]. Furthermore, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality rates vary among different Asian subgroups, with Asian Indian women typically having lower rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to other Asian American women [5]. It has been noted that Asian American women have varied rates of CVD risk within different Asian subgroups, emphasizing the need for a personalized approach to prevention [6]. Studies such as the MASALA study aim to understand the factors that lead to heart disease in South Asians and guide prevention and treatment strategies [7].

Additionally, primary prevention of CVDs among women in South Asian populations has been studied to identify modifiable risk factors [8]. Research on cardiology in Asian women highlights the importance of considering racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in cardiovascular health outcomes. Understanding the unique risk factors and challenges faced by Asian women can help improve prevention and treatment strategies for CVDs in this population.