Advanced Therapies for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Amyloidosis: The Role of Weight Loss and Genetic Interventions

Abstract

Effective weight loss treatment strategies for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) encompass a multifaceted approach, integrating lifestyle modifications, nutritional interventions, and, in some cases, surgical options. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes and increased physical activity, are crucial for managing weight and improving overall health in heart failure patients. These changes can significantly impact weight loss and symptom management, although they may receive less attention compared to pharmacological treatments. Nutritional interventions that focus on reducing caloric intake while enhancing nutritional quality are also vital, as they can aid in achieving sustainable weight loss. For patients experiencing significant fluid retention, diuretic therapy remains a cornerstone of treatment. This approach helps manage weight by alleviating congestion and improving cardiac function, although careful monitoring is necessary to avoid potential adverse effects. In cases of morbid obesity, bariatric surgery presents a viable option, particularly for patients with advanced heart failure. This surgical intervention can lead to substantial weight loss, potentially allowing patients to meet eligibility criteria for heart transplantation. Overall, a combination of these strategies tailored to individual patient needs can optimize weight management in HFpEF, ultimately enhancing quality of life and clinical outcomes.