Relationship between Level of 25 (OH) D Vitamins and Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Dialysis and Non-Dialysis Patients Using Trial Making Test B

Abstract

Deficiency in vitamin D and cognitive dysfunction commonly are associated together in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) in both dialysis and non-dialysis patients, vitamin D develop new protective regulatory roles in the functions of CNS. A combination of low levels of vitamin D and CKD can be enrolled for devastating, and lead to severe cognitive dysfunction. Patients with CKD mostly associated with Hypovitaminosis and common in elderly patients and related to cognitive decline, one of the hypotheses that CKD patients commonly have a low level of vitamin D and have potential experience in accelerated cognitive decline which rarely links on this topic. Most CKD patients are particularly sensitive to developing a deficiency of vitamin D. Reduce vitamin D intake, male absorption in compromised GIT patients, loosing of vitamin D binding protein with urine, and ?-hydroxylase enzyme reduction in the kidney all are the risk factors included in the causes of 25(OH) D vitamin decrease production.
Aim of Study: Assess cognitive function by using one validated score: trial making test B in patients with CKD in both dialysis and non-dialysis.
Patients and Methods: A total of 54 patients with CKD and 57 patients with ESRD on hemodialysis enrolled in this study, where CKD defined as GFR.
Results: For patients on hemodialysis 27 (39.7%) has deficient 25(OH) D vitamin status 25 (36.7%) insufficient, 20 (29.4%) had sufficient vitamin D levels, significant low level in patients on hemodialysis in comparison to those with non-hemodialysis. Trail making test B score was significantly lower in dialysis patients, a significant correlation between cognitive function assessment (trail making test B) and low vitamin D level.
Conclusions: The prevalence of deficiency in vitamin D in CKD, especially hemodialysis patients associated with cognitive decline.