Institute Jozef Stefan Ljubljan View PDF

The optimal functioning of the organism is ensured by the well-coordinated work of all its systems [1,2]. The central place in maintaining homeostasis belongs to the interaction of the nervous and cardiovascular systems [3,4]. This is completely true for healthy people and persons having any pathology [5], including those who suffered severe injuries and became disabled in connection with the defeat of the musculoskeletal system [6,7]. The resulting psychological trauma is a serious test for the cardiovascular and especially the nervous system [8]. The resulting chronic stress forms a crisis of the individual, which requires from her great internal efforts to restore optimal interaction with other people and with society as a whole. In this regard, studies on the problems of adaptation of people who have suffered severe physical injuries and become disabled as a result of them are very important. It is important to identify the psychological factors affecting the success of the process of adaptation of the individual to the new conditions of his life activity [9,10].

The defeat of the musculoskeletal system always entails a change in the appearance of a person, his physical and functional characteristic, which causes a change in his physical “I” [11]. Being personally significant, the image of the physical “I”, its transformation or, conversely, its immutability in a situation of traumatic stress can become serious obstacles blocking the adaptive mechanisms of higher nervous activity. In this regard, the study of the features of the image of the physical “I”, the patterns of its change in persons who have suffered severe physical injuries and become disabled as a result of them, ensures the disclosure of deep neuropsychological mechanisms, adapting them to the new conditions of their life activity and allows finding effective ways of their psychological support [12,13]. Objective: to assess the state of the image of the physical “I” in the disabled with a late defeat of the musculoskeletal system.

176 persons of both sexes (76 men and 70 women) of the second adult age (an average of 38,5 ± 2,4 years) who were disabled due to severe physical trauma about 5 years ago were examined.

To study the features of the image of the physical “I” personality, who suffered severe physical injuries and became in connection with this invalid, the following methods were used in the work:

A technique for assessing the subjective significance of the components of the image of the physical “I” [14]. With its help, the person’s perception of his anatomical, functional and image-like characteristics of the image of the physical “I” was studied;

A technique for investigating the self-image of the image of one’s physical “I” [15].

The data obtained during the study were subjected to statistical processing with the calculation of the arithmetic mean (M), the error of the mean value (m), and the determination of the reliability of differences in the mean values (t-Student’s criterion).

The results from the analysis of the ideal physical appearance and physical qualities of a person allow us to say that persons with a disability have functional characteristics without gender differences. All respondents with disabilities in almost 100% of cases when describing a person’s physical “I” refer to the functional characteristics: strength, endurance, agility, flexibility. At the same time, anatomical characteristics are mentioned by them only in 58,95% of cases. It becomes clear that the significance of the structure of the body, the harmony of its proportions, growth, weight for the disabled is much less than that characteristic of healthy people [16,17].

In the course of the study, a discrepancy between the importance and self-esteem of the level of development of anatomical, functional and external characteristics in subjects was revealed. Differences have touched on a fairly limited list of characteristics [18].

Most of the subjects were satisfied with their clothes, hair and accessories, that is, the image characteristics of the external appearance. Significant differences were recorded in the indicators of “anatomical” and especially “functional” characteristics of the image of the physical “I” (Table 1).

Subjects were satisfied with the image of the physical “I”, as evidenced by the results of a comparative analysis of the studied indicators. In the characteristics of a face and his attractiveness, the reliability of the existing differences between personal significance and self-esteem was revealed only on the basis of “teeth” (t = 3,72, p <0,001). [21]The greatest number of differences between the personal significance of the anatomical signs of the physical “I” and their

Table 1: The personal significance and state of self-evaluation of the characteristics of the physical “I” in the disabled with late defeat in their musculoskeletal system.

subjective self-esteem was revealed in the characteristics of the figure (body weight, harmony of proportions, chest, waist, back contour), which fully corresponds to the results of many studies devoted to identifying the features of the image of the physical “I” In persons who are not burdened with any diseases [19,20].

When comparing the subjective significance and self-assessment of the accounted functional characteristics, a mismatch was revealed for most of them. This can be explained by the results of previous psychological studies. The results obtained are a manifestation of deep dissatisfaction of the disabled with their functional capabilities [21,22]. The development of their violations are the main reasons for limiting their interaction with the society [23,24] and thereforen pushed into the background the presence of anatomical defects [25,26].

In the indicators of the image characteristics of the physical “I”, there was no sign of any difference between their personal significance and self-esteem among the disabled. Hence, their significance for the individual was hidden by dissatisfaction with the functional state of the organism and became secondary for the disabled.

The defeat of the musculoskeletal system entails a change in the external appearance of a person, his physical and functional characteristics, and changes his image of the physical “I”. Studies of changes in the image of the physical “I” in persons who have suffered severe physical injuries and become disabled as a result of them can ensure the disclosure of the deep neuropsychological mechanisms of adapting them to the new conditions of their life activity and help find effective ways of their psychological support.

For the majority of subjects, significant differences were recorded in the indicators of “anatomical” and especially “functional” characteristics of the image of their physical “I”. In the external characteristics of the physical “I”, the invalids did not distinguish between their personal significance and self-esteem in any of the characteristics. The increase in the subjective significance of his physical qualities revealed by disabled people with a late defeat of the musculoskeletal system is a serious resource and “point of influence” for their psycho-correction after the physical defects they have received.

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