Clinical Oncology: Focus on Fundamentals, Diagnostic Approaches, Emerging Technologies, and Palliative Care

Abstract

Clinical oncology focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer, integrating advancements in molecular biology, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine to enhance patient outcomes. The field has seen transformative progress, with therapies increasingly tailored to the genetic and molecular profiles of individual tumors, improving efficacy and minimizing side effects. Innovations in early detection, personalized treatment plans, and multidisciplinary care have significantly impacted survival rates across various cancer types. Despite these advancements, challenges such as treatment resistance, late-stage diagnosis, and access to care persist, requiring ongoing research and global collaboration to address disparities and optimize treatment strategies for diverse patient populations.