Understanding Cardiovascular Care in Asian Women: Insights into Epidemiology, Impact of Uric Acid, and AI-Driven Solutions

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant yet underrecognized health concern among Asian women, influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, cultural, and socioeconomic factors. Despite being the leading cause of mortality in this population, research on sex-specific risk factors, healthcare disparities, and treatment outcomes remains limited. This review aims to address these gaps by examining regional variations in CVD prevalence, unique risk factors such as metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and elevated serum uric acid levels, as well as disparities in healthcare access that contribute to poorer outcomes in Asian women. Elevated serum uric acid has been associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF), all-cause mortality, and cardiac-related death, yet findings indicate that uric acid-lowering treatments may not improve prognosis and could even increase mortality in HF patients. Additionally, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing early detection, risk prediction, and personalized treatment is explored, highlighting the need for innovative, culturally tailored approaches to cardiovascular care. By integrating insights from epidemiological data, clinical research, and emerging AI-driven solutions, this review underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve cardiovascular outcomes for Asian women. Key findings include the disproportionate burden of CVD among different Asian subgroups, the underrepresentation of women in cardiology research and clinical trials, and the potential of AI tools-such as machine learning (ML) -based risk assessment models and wearable health devices-to bridge existing gaps in diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, the complex role of serum uric acid in cardiovascular health suggests the need for further investigation into its clinical significance and management. Addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach that combines public health initiatives, policy reforms, and technological advancements to ensure equitable and effective cardiovascular care for Asian women.