The Effect of Diabetes on the Histological Parameters in Alloxan Induced Diabetes Male Rats

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of high blood glucose on the histological variables in alloxan-induced diabetes male rats. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insufficiency in the production or action of insulin produced by the pancreas inside the body. Sidewise to hyperglycemia, several other factors play a great role in the pathogenesis of diabetes such as hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress leading to a high risk of complications. Alloxan, which is chemically known as 5,5-dihydroxyl pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione is an organic compound, is the most widely used in diabetes studies. During diabetes, persistent hyperglycemia causes increased production of free radicals especially reactive oxygen species (ROS) for all tissues from glucose auto-oxidation and protein glycosylation. Free radicals may play a crucial role in the causation and complications of diabetes mellitus. The induced diabetes led to additional changes in the liver tissues of infected animals (G2,G3) compared with the control group (G1), as shown in the liver of group 2 there is a dilatation of portal vessels with prevascular inflammatory cell infiltration and dilatation of central vein congestion with inflammatory cell aggregations while we show in the group 3 severe congestion and dilatation of central vein with vacuolated hepatocytes and atrophy of sinusoid, marked coagulative necrosis (nuclei with karyolysis and karyorrhexis) with inflammatory cell proliferation and binucleate hepatocyte and hepatocellular atrophy and correspondingly wide sinusoids with clear pyknotic nuclei of apoptotic cells. Hepatocytes showing different stages of mitotic divisions. The induced diabetes led to a significant increase in apoptotic cell death of the liver in the diabetic groups (G2,G3) Which is expressed by the percentage (15,71%, 27,73%) compared with the control group ( G1) 9.32%.